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Pyrochlore erbium titanate samples in the form of powders (with nominalcompositions of Er2Ti2+xO7) and bulk single crystals were prepared to elucidatethe effect of synthesis and growth conditions on their composition, structure,and transition temperature. All samples were characterized using X-raydiffraction and specific heat measurements. Larger lattice parameters weremeasured for the Ti-deficient stuffed powders, Er2(Ti2-xErx)O7-{\delta}, whileTi-rich anti-stuffed powders, (Er2-xTix)Ti2O7+{\delta}, showed a decrease inlattice parameter. The lattice parameter for the stoichiometrically synthesizedpowder, Er2Ti2O7, was measured to be a = 10.07522(9) {\AA}. Single crystalsgrown by the conventional floating zone (FZ) technique were Ti deficient(stuffed) and darker in color due to oxygen vacancies. Using the travelingsolvent floating zone (TSFZ), a high structural quality, transparent andstoichiometric Er2Ti2O7 single crystal was grown at a lower temperature usingthe TiO2 solvent. Heat capacity measurements of the TSFZ grown Er2Ti2O7 crystaland stoichiometric powder exhibited a very close magnetic transitiontemperature TC ~1.23K that was suppressed in off-stoichiometric samples,demonstrating correlations between stoichiometry and ground state magnetism inEr2Ti2O7.

Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization of the pyrochlore Er2Ti2O7