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The bulk electric power system in New England is fundamentally changing. Therepresentation of nuclear, coal and oil generation facilities is set todramatically fall, and natural gas, wind and solar facilities will come to filltheir place. The introduction of variable energy resources (VERs) like solarand wind, however, necessitates fundamental changes in the power grid's dynamicoperation. VER forecasts are uncertain and their profiles are intermittent thusrequiring greater quantities of operating reserves. This paper describes themethodology and the key findings of the 2017 ISO New England System OperationalAnalysis and Renewable Energy Integration Study (SOARES). This study wascommissioned by the ISO New England stakeholders to investigate the effect ofseveral scenarios of varying generation mix on normal operating reserves. Theproject was conducted using the holistic assessment approach called theElectric Power Enterprise Control System (EPECS) simulator.The EPECScharacterizes a power system in terms of the physical power grid and itsmultiple layers of control including commitment decisions, economic dispatch,and regulation services. This paper provides precise definitions of howvariable energy resources and operating reserves are modeled. It also includesdetailed models of the day-ahead resource scheduling, the same-day resourcescheduling, the real-time balancing operations and the regulation service.Among the key findings, the reports shows that scenarios with high penetrationsof VERs exhaust their operating reserves for part of the year and all scenarioscurtail semi-dispatchable resources both to complement operating reserves andto mitigate some of the topological limitations of the system. Overall,curtailment emerges as a key balancing performance control lever and there is aclear need for higher amounts of operating reserves.

The 2017 ISO New England System Operational Analysis and Renewable Energy Integration Study (SOARES)