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The bodies of snakes, such as king cobras, are very soft so that it is nearlyimpossible for them to raise their heads higher than around one meter. Bydirect measurement, we were only possible to hold the body of a freshly killedcobra vertically at around 0.05 m. Here, for the first time it is reported thatthe king cobra can control the effective elastic modulus of its body so that itcan raise its head up to several tens of centimeters. The effective elasticmodulus is enhanced by increasing the pressure of air trapped inside therespiration channel, which is similar to increasing the stiffness of a thinplastic tube by filling it with air at pressure above atmospheric pressure. Theneck height increases with the effective elastic modulus according to a scalingrelationship. It was also simply proved that the peak of force or constrictionpressure is proportional to the snakes diameter. This work may provide aphysical foundation underlying the mechanical properties of slender animals.

How a Snake Can Raise its Neck High although its Body is Very Soft. Similarity with a Thin Plastic Tube Filled with Air