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Reliability, longevity, availability, and deadline guarantees are the fourmost important metrics to measure the QoS of long-running safety-criticalreal-time applications. Software aging is one of the major factors that impactthe safety of long-running real-time applications as the degraded performanceand increased failure rate caused by software aging can lead to deadlinemissing and catastrophic consequences. Software rejuvenation is one of the mostcommonly used approaches to handle issues caused by software aging. In thispaper, we study the optimal time when software rejuvenation shall take place sothat the system's reliability, longevity, and availability are maximized, andapplication delays caused by software rejuvenation is minimized. In particular,we formally analyze the relationships between software rejuvenation frequencyand system reliability, longevity, and availability. Based on the theoreticanalysis, we develop approaches to maximizing system reliability, longevity,and availability, and use simulation to evaluate the developed approaches. Inaddition, we design the MIN-DELAY semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithm tominimize application delays caused by rejuvenation processes. The simulationexperiments show that the developed semi-priority-driven scheduling algorithmreduces application delays by 9.01% and 14.24% over the earliest deadline first(EDF) and least release time (LRT) scheduling algorithms, respectively.

Optimizing System Quality of Service through Rejuvenation for Long-Running Applications with Real-Time Constraints