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The multimedia evolution has led to increased audio signal bandwidth in newgenerations of smartphones, headsets, headphones, as well as hearing aids. Fullaudio bandwidth performance, up to 20 kHz, is required. This calls for widerband performance of the ear simulators, and head and torso simulators used bythe industry to evaluate these multimedia devices, as well as a betterunderstanding of the high frequency behaviour of the human ear that thesesimulators are supposed to replicate. Acoustic input impedance measurements arean important parameter when characterizing small complex cavities such as earsimulators and the human ear. Today, this is well covered up to around 8-10kHz. In this study a calibration procedure for measuring wideband impedance isdeveloped, that uses multiple reference loads each defined by a detailedsimulated impedance, in order to increase the applicable frequency bandwidth ofthe measurements. Comparing measured impedance magnitude, calibrated with thisnew procedure, to detailed simulations on a widely used ear simulator (IEC711coupler) shows good agreement in the full audio bandwidth. Furthermore, thecalibration procedure is streamlined to make it suited for a larger scaleimpedance study of the human ear, and measurements in one human ear ispresented.

Wideband impedance measurement techniques in small complex cavities such as ear simulators and the human ear canal