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Energy storage units (ESUs) enable several attractive features of modernsmart grids such as enhanced grid resilience, effective demand response, andreduced bills. However, uncoordinated charging of ESUs stresses the powersystem and can lead to a blackout. On the other hand, existing chargingcoordination mechanisms suffer from several limitations. First, the need for acentral charging coordinator (CC) presents a single point of failure thatjeopardizes the effectiveness of the charging coordination. Second, atransparent charging coordination mechanism does not exist where users are notaware whether the CC is honest or not in coordination charging requests amongthem in a fair way. Third, existing mechanisms overlook the privacy concerns ofthe involved customers. To address these limitations, in this paper, weleverage the blockchain and smart contracts to build a decentralized chargingcoordination mechanism without the need for a centralized charging coordinator.First ESUs should use tokens for anonymously authenticate themselves to theblockchain. Then each ESU sends a charging request that contains itsState-of-Charge (SoC), Time-to-complete-charge (TCC) and amount of requiredcharging to the smart contract address on the blockchain. The smart contractwill then run the charging coordination mechanism in a self-executed mannersuch that ESUs with the highest priorities are charged in the present time slotwhile charging requests of lower priority ESUs are deferred to future timeslots. In this way, each ESU can make sure that charging schedules are computedcorrectly. Finally, we have implemented the proposed mechanism on the Ethereumtest-bed blockchain, and our analysis shows that execution cost can beacceptable in terms of gas consumption while enabling decentralized chargingcoordination with increased transparency, reliability, and privacy preserving.

Blockchain-based Charging Coordination Mechanism for Smart Grid Energy Storage Units