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SSDs become a major storage component in modern memory hierarchies, and SSDresearch demands exploring future simulation-based studies by integrating SSDsubsystems into a full-system environment. However, several challenges exist tomodel SSDs under a full-system simulations; SSDs are composed upon their owncomplete system and architecture, which employ all necessary hardware, such asCPUs, DRAM and interconnect network. Employing the hardware components, SSDsalso require to have multiple device controllers, internal caches and softwaremodules that respect a wide spectrum of storage interfaces and protocols. TheseSSD hardware and software are all necessary to incarnate storage subsystemsunder full-system environment, which can operate in parallel with the hostsystem. In this work, we introduce a new SSD simulation framework, SimpleSSD2.0, namely Amber, that models embedded CPU cores, DRAMs, and various flashtechnologies (within an SSD), and operate under the full system simulationenvironment by enabling a data transfer emulation. Amber also includes fullfirmware stack, including DRAM cache logic, flash firmware, such as FTL andHIL, and obey diverse standard protocols by revising the host DMA engines andsystem buses of a popular full system simulator's all functional and timing CPUmodels (gem5). The proposed simulator can capture the details of dynamicperformance and power of embedded cores, DRAMs, firmware and flash under theexecutions of various OS systems and hardware platforms. Using Amber, wecharacterize several system-level challenges by simulating different types offullsystems, such as mobile devices and general-purpose computers, and offercomprehensive analyses by comparing passive storage and active storagearchitectures.

Amber: Enabling Precise Full-System Simulation with Detailed Modeling of All SSD Resources