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One of the most important issues in the operation of a photovoltaic (PV)system is extracting maximum power from the PV array, especially in partialshading condition (PSC). Under PSC, P-V characteristic of PV arrays will havemultiple peak points, only one of which is global maximum. Conventional maximumpower point tracking (MPPT) methods are not able to extract maximum power inthis condition. In this paper, a novel two-stage MPPT method is presented toovercome this drawback. In the first stage, a method is proposed to determinethe occurrence of PSC, and in the second stage, using a new algorithm that isbased on ramp change of the duty cycle and continuous sampling from the P-Vcharacteristic of the array, global maximum power point of array is reached.P&O algorithm is then re-activated to trace small changes of the new MPP. Openloop operation of the proposed method makes its implementation cheap andsimple. The method is robust in the face of changing environmental conditionsand array characteristics, and has minimum negative impact on the connectedpower system. Simulations in Matlab/Simulink and experimental results validatethe performance of the proposed methods.

Partial Shading Detection and Smooth Maximum Power Point Tracking of PV Arrays under PSC