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The small amount of measurements in distribution grids makes their monitoringmore difficult. Topological observability may not be possible, and thus,pseudo-measurements are needed to perform state estimation, which is requiredto control elements such as distributed generation or transformers atdistribution grids. Therefore, we consider the problem of optimal sensorplacement to improve the state estimation accuracy in large-scale, 3-phasecoupled, unbalanced distribution grids. This is an NP-hard optimization problemwhose optimal solution is unpractical to obtain for large networks. Therefore,we develop a computationally efficient convex optimization algorithm to computea lower bound on the possible value of the optimal solution, and thus check thegap between the bound and heuristic solutions. We test the method on a largetest feeder, the standard IEEE 8500-node, to show the effectiveness of theapproach.

Efficient convex optimization for optimal PMU placement in large distribution grids