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Multiphase flow through a porous medium involves complex interactions betweengravity, wettability and capillarity during drainage process. In contrast tothese factors, the effect of pore distribution on liquid retention is lessunderstood. In particular, the quantitative correlation between the fluiddisplacement and level of disorder has not yet been established. In this work,we employ direct numerical simulation by solving the Navier-Stokes equationsand using volume of fluid method to track the liquid-liquid interface duringdrainage in disordered porous media. The disorder of pore configuration ischaracterized by an improved index to capture small microstructuralperturbation, which is pivotal for fluid displacement in porous media. Then, wefocus on the residual volume and morphological characteristics of saturatedzones after drainage and compare the effect of disorder under differentwettability (i.e., the contact angle) and gravity (characterized by a modifiedBond number) conditions. Pore-scale simulations reveal that thehighly-disordered porous medium is favourable to improve liquid retention andprovide various morphologies of entrapped saturated zones. Furthermore, thedisorder index has a positive correlation to the characteristic curve index (n)in van Genuchten equation, controlling the shape of the retentioncharacteristic curves. It is expected that the findings will benefit to a broadrange of industrial applications involving drainage processes in porous media,e.g., drying, carbon sequestration, and underground water remediation.

Pore-scale Modelling of Gravity-driven Drainage in Disordered Porous Media