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Civic crowdfunding (CC) is a popular medium for raising funds for civicprojects from interested agents. With Blockchains gaining traction, we canimplement CC in a reliable, transparent, and secure manner with smart contracts(SCs). The fundamental challenge in CC is free-riding. PPR, the proposal byZubrickas [23] of giving refund bonus to the contributors, in the case of theproject not getting provisioned, has attractive properties. However, asobserved by Chandra et al. [7], PPR faces a challenge wherein the agents defertheir contribution until the deadline. We define this delaying of contributionsas a race condition. To address this, their proposal, PPS, considers thetemporal aspects of a contribution. However, PPS is computationally complex,expensive to implement as an SC, and it being sophisticated, it is difficult toexplain to a layperson. In this work, our goal is to identify all essentialproperties a refund bonus scheme must satisfy in order to curb free-ridingwhile avoiding the race condition. We prove Contribution Monotonicity and TimeMonotonicity are sufficient conditions for this. We propose three elegantrefund bonus schemes satisfying these two conditions leading to three novelmechanisms for CC - PPRG, PPRE, and PPRP. We show that PPRG is the mostcost-effective mechanism when deployed as an SC. We show that under certainmodest assumptions on valuations of the agents, in PPRG, the project is fundedat equilibrium.

Designing Refund Bonus Schemes for Provision Point Mechanism in Civic Crowdfunding