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The definition of the Soret coefficient of a binary mixture includes aconcentration prefactor, $x(1-x)$ when mol fraction $x$ is used, or $w(1-w)$when mass fraction $w$ is used. In this paper the physical reasons behind thischoice are reviewed, emphasizing that the use of these prefactors makes theSoret coefficient invariant upon change in the reference frame, either mass ormolar. Then, it is shown how this invariance property can be extended toternary mixtures by using an appropriate concentration prefactor in matrixform. The work is completed with some considerations of general non-isothermaldiffusion fluxes, binary limits of the concentration triangle, selection of thedependent concentration in a ternary mixture, use of molar concentrations and,finally, extension to multi-component mixtures.

Definition of frame-invariant Soret coefficients for ternary mixtures