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The ngVLA will enable significant advances in our understanding of theformation and evolution of multiple star systems in the protostellar phase,building upon the breakthroughs enabled by the VLA. The high-sensitivity andresolution at 3~mm wavelengths and longer will enable closer multiple systemsto be discovered in the nearby star forming regions.  The ngVLA is incredibly important for multiplicity studies because dustopacity at short wavelengths ($<$3~mm) can hide multiplicity and the longwavelengths are needed to reveal forming multiples in the youngest systems. Thesamples sizes can be expanded to encompass star forming regions at distances ofat least 1.5~kpc, enabling statistical studies that are on par with studies offield star multiplicity. We verify the capability of the ngVLA to detect andresolve multiple star systems at distances out to 1.5~kpc using empiricalexamples of systems detected by the VLA and scaling them to greater distances.We also use radiative transfer models and simulations to verify that the ngVLAcan resolve close binary systems from their dust emission at these distances.The ngVLA will also have excellent imaging capability and the circum-multipleenvironments can also be examined in great detail.

Science with an ngVLA: New Frontiers in Protostellar Multiplicity with the ngVLA