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A unified statistical model is proposed to characterize turbulence-inducedfading in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) channels in thepresence of air bubbles and temperature gradient for fresh and salty waters,based on experimental data. In this model, the channel irradiance fluctuationsare characterized by the mixture Exponential-Generalized Gamma (EGG)distribution. We use the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to obtain themaximum likelihood parameter estimation of the new model. Interestingly, theproposed model is shown to provide a perfect fit with the measured data underall channel conditions for both types of water. The major advantage of the newmodel is that it has a simple mathematical form making it attractive from aperformance analysis point of view. Indeed, we show that the application of theEGG model leads to closed-form and analytically tractable expressions for keyUWOC system performance metrics such as the outage probability, the averagebit-error rate, and the ergodic capacity. To the best of our knowledge, this isthe first-ever comprehensive channel model addressing the statistics of opticalbeam irradiance fluctuations in underwater wireless optical channels due toboth air bubbles and temperature gradient.

Unified Statistical Channel Model for Turbulence-Induced Fading in Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Systems