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In 1999, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated 75 MHz in the5.9 GHz ITS Band (5850-5925 MHz) for use by Dedicated Short RangeCommunications (DSRC) to facilitate information transfer between equippedvehicles and roadside systems. This allocation for DSRC in the ITS band hasbeen a co-primary allocation while the band is shared with the Fixed SatelliteService (FSS), fixed microwave service, amateur radio services and otherFederal users authorized by the National Telecommunications and InformationAdministration (NTIA). In recent time, Cellular V2X (C-V2X), introduced in 3GPPRelease 14 LTE standard, has received significant attention due to itsperceived ability to deliver superior performance with respect to vehicularsafety applications. There is a strong momentum in the industry for C-V2X to beconsidered as a viable alternative to DSRC and accordingly, to operate in theITS spectrum. In another recent notice, the FCC is soliciting input for aproposed rulemaking to open up more bandwidth for unlicensed Wi-Fi devices,mainly based on the 802.11ac standard. The FCC plans to work with theDepartment of Transportation (DoT), and the automotive and communicationsindustries to evaluate potential sharing techniques in the ITS band betweenDSRC and Wi-Fi devices. This paper analyzes the expected scenarios that mightemerge from FCC and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)regulation options and identifies the technical challenge associated with eachscenario. We also provide a literature survey and find that many of resultingtechnical challenges remain open research problems that need to be addressed.We conclude that the most challenging issue is related to the interoperabilitybetween DSRC and C-V2X in the 5.9 GHz band and the detection and avoidance ofharmful adjacent and co-channel interference.

Regulatory Options and Technical Challenges for the 5.9 GHz Spectrum: Survey and Analysis