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Industry 4.0 envisions a fully automated manufacturing environment, in whichcomputerized manufacturing equipment--Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS)--performsall tasks. These machines are open to a variety of cyber and cyber-physicalattacks, including sabotage. In the manufacturing context, sabotage attacks aimto damage equipment or degrade a manufactured part's mechanical properties. Inthis paper, we focus on the latter, specifically for composite materials.Composite material parts are predominantly used in safety-critical systems,e.g., as load-bearing parts of aircraft. Further, we distinguish between themethods to compromise various manufacturing equipment, and the maliciousmanipulations that will sabotage a part. As the research literature hasnumerous examples of the former, in this paper we assume that the equipment isalready compromised, our discussion is solely on manipulations.  We develop a simulation approach to designing sabotage attacks againstcomposite material parts. The attack can be optimized by two criteria,minimizing the "footprint" of manipulations. We simulate two optimal attacksagainst the design of a spar, a load bearing component of an airplane wing. Oursimulation identifies the minimal manipulations needed to degrade its strengthto three desired levels, as well as the resulting failure characteristics. Lastbut not least, we outline an approach to identifying sabotaged parts.

Optimal Sabotage Attack on Composite Material Parts