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The rate loss is an important issue for multi-user beamspace multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) millimeter-wave systems. In such systems, multi-clusterchannel propagation leads as a function of the quantization error and, as aresult, each active user suffers a significant rate loss. Particularly, aconventional single beam selection (SBS) scheme is used in an equivalentbeamspace MIMO channel to reduce the required number of radio frequency (RF)chains, but this scheme does not properly mitigate the quantization error dueto the limited number of the channel propagation clusters per-user. Inaddition, optimally selected beams or RF chains are operated at the same numberof the precoded data streams. Consequently, each active user inherently loses ahuge number of data streams utilizing the conventional SBS scheme. Therefore,we propose a hybrid beam selection (HBS) scheme in an equivalent beamspace MIMOchannel to implement a multiple beam or RF chain group selection opportunityand choose a reliable channel propagation cluster per-active-user, whichdirectly affects to mitigate the quantization error. The numerical result isverified by computer simulations in terms of a millimeter-wave MIMO downlinkchannel environment.

Rate-Loss Mitigation for a Millimeter-Wave Beamspace MIMO Lens Antenna Array System Using a Hybrid Beam-Selection Scheme