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The TV set feedback feature standardized in the next generation TV system,ATSC 3.0, would enable opportunistic access of active TV channels in futureCognitive Radio Networks. This new dynamic spectrum access approach is named asblack-space access, as it is complementary of current TV white space, whichstands for inactive TV channels. TV black-space access can significantlyincrease the available spectrum of Cognitive Radio Networks in populated urbanmarkets, where spectrum shortage is most severe while TV whitespace is verylimited. However, to enable TV black-space access, secondary user has toevacuate a TV channel in a timely manner when TV user comes in. Such strictreal-time constraint is an unique challenge of spectrum managementinfrastructure of Cognitive Radio Networks. In this paper, the real-timeperformance of spectrum management with regard to the degree of centralizationof infrastructure is modeled and tested. Based on collected empirical networklatency and database response time, we analyze the average evacuation timeunder four structures of spectrum management infrastructure: fullydistribution, city-wide centralization, national-wide centralization, andsemi-national centralization. The results show that national widecentralization may not meet the real-time requirement, while semi-nationalcentralization that use multiple co-located independent spectrum manager canachieve real-time performance while keep most of the operational advantage offully centralized structure.

Meeting Real-Time Constraint of Spectrum Management in TV Black-Space Access