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Mammalian ultrasonic vocalization (USV) has been a subject of interest fordecades. This interest has mainly been driven by the intelligence of dolphinsand other odontocetes. However the semantic content of odontocete USV and itsmechanism of production remain poorly understood. Serendipitously however manyrodent species have convergently evolved the ability to produce USVs in asimilar manner. In this paper we use rodent USV as a model process to help usgain insight into the production mechanism for mammalian USV as a whole. Wederive a model that describes the production of rodent USVs by considering theinteraction of an unstable jet, emerging from the vocal folds, with the passiveresonance modes of the upper vocal tract. Thus our model is also a solution toa special case of the jet susceptibility problem. The derived model takes theform of a set of coupled nonlinear time domain ODEs, whose solutions arecontrolled by biologically relevant parameters such as subglottal pressure andvocal fold radius. In our analysis of the model we find the existence of asubglottal blowing pressure threshold ($p \approx 710$ Pa), above which steadyacoustic oscillations occur. Furthermore we also reproduce the $22$ kHz ratalarm call at realistic blowing pressures ($p \approx 1500$ Pa)

A Time Domain Acoustic Model for the Production of Rodent Ultrasonic Vocalizations