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A key characteristic of quantum spin liquids(QSL) is the presence offractional excitations related to their entanglement properties, yetexperimental verification of their statistics is missing. For example, in thepotential Kitaev spin liquid, RuCl3 experiments uncovered signs of fractionalparticles, though not their Fermi statistics. Here we employ Raman scatteringto reveal the true nature of the magnetic excitations, using improvedexperimental methods and analysis to remove the influence of laser heating andthermal fluctuations. Via the energy loss and gain spectra, we extract theenergy and temperature dependence of the Raman susceptibility to prove RuCl3'smagnetic response is given by pair creation of fermionic excitations.Furthermore, by comparing with quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) results for the exactKitaev limit, we are able to discern the energy and temperature range whereadditional interaction terms are important. Our results open new directions inQSL research by providing a new way to investigate fractional excitations andthe importance of terms causing spinon confinement.

Direct Evidence for Fermi Statistics from Proximity to the Kitaev Spin Liquid in RuCl3