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Rapid progress in plasmonics biosensors and immunosensors brings manymethodologies to employ resonant subwavelength structures associated with thephysics of multipoles, Fano resonances, and analogous moments. Here, we reviewa broad range of traditional and novel techniques that have been utilized fordeveloping advanced biosensing tools including colloidal nanoparticles(NPs)-based systems to well-engineered arrays of meta-atoms and metamolecules.By describing some of the important and practical label-free biosensing methodsbased on subwavelength plasmonic technology, we discuss the emerging andexcitation of toroidal multipoles concept, as a third family of multipolarmodes, has made a revolution in enhancing the sensing performance of ultra-lowweight diseases proteins and viruses as biological targets. Taking theexquisite and untraditional advantages of toroidal plasmonic metasurfaces, wecomprehensively evaluated the detection properties and high-quality of toroidalimmunosensors for the sensing of signature of bioproteins at picomolar (pM)concentrations with excellent limit of detection (LOD). This understandingclearly shows how toroidal metasensors have emerged as promising clinical andpharmacology tools, can be considered as alternatives and big competitors forconventional plasmonic sensors and transducers.

Toroidal Plasmonic Meta-Biosensors: Benchmarking against Classical Plasmonic Biosensors and Transducers