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With low redshift probes reaching unprecedented precision, uncertainty of theCMB optical depth is expected to be the limiting factor for future cosmologicalneutrino mass constraints. In this paper, we discuss to what extentcombinations of CMB lensing and galaxy surveys measurements at low redshifts$z\sim 0.5-5$ will be able to make competitive neutrino mass measurementswithout relying on any optical depth constraints. We find that the combinationof LSST galaxies and CMB-S4 lensing should be able to achieve constraints onthe neutrino mass sum of 25meV without optical depth information, anindependent measurement that is competitive with or slightly better than theconstraint of 30meV possible with CMB-S4 and present-day optical depthmeasurements. These constraints originate both in structure growth probed bycross-correlation tomography over a wide redshift range as well as, mostimportantly, the shape of the galaxy power spectrum measured over a largevolume. We caution that possible complications such as higher-order biasing andsystematic errors in the analysis of high redshift galaxy clustering are onlybriefly discussed and may be non-negligible. Nevertheless, our results showthat new kinds of high-precision neutrino mass measurements at and beyond thepresent-day optical depth limit may be possible.

Towards Neutrino Mass from Cosmology without Optical Depth Information