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We carry out a theoretical analysis of the uplink (UL) of a massive MIMOsystem with per-user channel correlation and Rician fading, using twoprocessing approaches. Firstly, we examine the linear minimum-mean-square-errorreceiver under training-based imperfect channel estimates. Secondly, we proposea statistical combining technique that is more suitable in environments withstrong Line-of-Sight (LoS) components. We derive closed-form asymptoticapproximations of the UL spectral efficiency (SE) attained by each combiningscheme in single and multi-cell settings, as a function of the systemparameters. These expressions are insightful in how different factors such asLoS propagation conditions and pilot contamination impact the overall systemperformance. Furthermore, they are exploited to determine the optimal number oftraining symbols which is shown to be of significant interest at low Ricianfactors. The study and numerical results substantiate that stronger LoS signalslead to better performances, and under such conditions, the statisticalcombining entails higher SE gains than the conventional receiver.

LMMSE Receivers in Uplink Massive MIMO Systems with Correlated Rician Fading