English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and several others execute complextransactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts.To append a correct block into blockchain, miners execute these transactions ofsmart contracts sequentially. Later the validators serially re-execute thesmart contract transactions of the block to validate it. If validation issuccessful then the block is added to the blockchain using a consensus protocoland miner gets the incentive. In the current era of multi-core processors, byemploying the serial execution of the transactions, the miners and validatorsfail to utilize the cores properly and as a result, have poor throughput. Byentitling concurrency to smart contracts execution, we can achieve betterefficiency and higher throughput. In this proposal, we develop a novel andefficient technique to execute the smart contract transactions concurrently byminer using optimistic Software Transactional Memory systems (STMs). The minerproposes a block which consists of the set of transactions, conflict graph,hash of previous block and final state of each shared data-objects. Later, wepropose concurrent validator which re-executes the same smart contractsconcurrently and deterministically with the help of conflict graph given byminer and verifies the final states. On successful validation, proposed blockappended into the blockchain and miner gets the incentive. We consider abenchmarks from solidity documentation. We execute the smart contracttransactions concurrently using Basic Time stamp Ordering (BTO) andMulti-Version Time stamp Ordering (MVTO) protocols as optimistic STMs. BTO andMVTO miner achieves 3.6x and 3.7x average speedups over serial minerrespectively. BTO and MVTO validator outperform average 40.8x and 47.1x thanserial validator respectively.

An Efficient Framework for Optimistic Concurrent Execution of Smart Contracts