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Black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a promising candidate for nextgeneration electronics and optoelectronics among the 2D family materials due toits extraordinary electrical/optical/optoelectronic properties. Interestingly,BP shows strong anisotropic transport behaviour because of its puckeredhoneycomb structure. Previous studies have demonstrated the thermal transportanisotropy of BP and theoretically attribute this to the anisotropy in bothphonon dispersion relation and phonon relaxation time. However, the exactorigin of such strong anisotropy lacks clarity and has yet to be provenexperimentally. In this work, we probe the thermal transport anisotropy of BPnanoribbons (NRs) by an electron beam technique. We provide direct evidencethat the origin of this anisotropy is dominated by the anisotropic phonon groupvelocity for the first time, verified by Young modulus measurements alongdifferent directions. It turns out that the ratio of thermal conductivitybetween zigzag (ZZ) and armchair (AC) ribbons is almost same as that of thecorresponding Young modulus values. The results from first-principlescalculation are consistent with this experimental observation, whereanisotropic phonon group velocity between ZZ and AC is shown. Our resultsprovide fundamental insight into the anisotropic thermal transport in lowsymmetric crystals.

Probing physical origin of anisotropic thermal transport in black phosphorus nanoribbons