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We describe and analyze an architecture for quantum optimization to solvemaximum independent set (MIS) problems using neutral atom arrays trapped inoptical tweezers. Optimizing independent sets is one of the paradigmatic,NP-hard problems in computer science. Our approach is based on coherentmanipulation of atom arrays via the excitation into Rydberg atomic states.Specifically, we show that solutions of MIS problems can be efficiently encodedin the ground state of interacting atoms in 2D arrays by utilizing the Rydbergblockade mechanism. By studying the performance of leading classicalalgorithms, we identify parameter regimes, where computationally hard instancescan be tested using near-term experimental systems. Practical implementationsof both quantum annealing and variational quantum optimization algorithmsbeyond the adiabatic principle are discussed.

Quantum Optimization for Maximum Independent Set Using Rydberg Atom Arrays