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Hydrological models of karst aquifers are often semi-distributed, andphysical processes such as infiltration and spring discharge generation aredescribed in a lumped way. Several works have previously addressed the problemsassociated with the calibration of such models, highlighting in particular theissue of model parameter estimation and model equifinality. In this work, weinvestigate the problem of model calibration using the active subspace (AS)method, a novel tool for model parameter dimension reduction. We apply themethod to a newly proposed hydrological model for karst aquifers, LuKARS, toinvestigate if the AS framework identifies catchment-specific characteristicsor if the results only depend on the chosen model structure. Therefore, weconsider four different case studies, three synthetic and one real case(Kerschbaum springshed in Waidhofen a.d. Ybbs, Austria), with varying hydrotopedistributions and properties. We find that both the hydrotope area coverage andthe catchment characteristics have major impacts on parameter sensitivities.While model parameters are similarly informed in scenarios with less varyingcatchment characteristics, we find significant differences in parametersensitivities when the applied hydrotopes were different from each other. Ourresults show that the AS method can be used to investigate the relation betweenthe model structure, the area of a hydrotope, the physical properties of acatchment and the discharge data. Finally, we successfully effectively reducethe parameter dimensions of the LuKARS model for the Kerschbaum case studyusing the AS method. The model with reduced parameter dimensions is able toreproduce the observed impacts of land use changes in the Kerschbaumspringshed, highlighting the robustness of the hydrotope-based modelingapproach of LuKARS and its applicability for land use change impact studies inkarstic systems.

On the relation between parameters and discharge data for a lumped karst aquifer model