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Cubesats and similarly scaled nano-satellites present significantopportunities for hosting both scientific and commercial payloads for Earthsensing and astronomical observations, in particular in the area ofrapid-response observations to external triggers. However, one limiting factorto full exploitation of the CubeSat potential in this area lies in thetraditional approach of ground-spacecraft communications, which is based oninfrequent contact via a limited network of ground stations. An alternative isto leverage existing commercial machine-to-machine orbital networks to transmitthe triggers in near-real-time. Here, we present an analysis framework forcalculating the likelihood of a time to first contact and the length of contactunder minimum guaranteed conditions for these networks. The analysis is thenextended to likely operational conditions in orbit, and the results of acomparative trade study of a number of orbital networks are presented, with anemphasis on the applicability to the SkyHopper Space Telescope CubeSat, ananosatellite astronomical observatory currently undergoing preliminary design.It was found that near-real- time telecommands could be transmitted toSkyHopper within 10min with a likelihood of 62% using the Globalstar network,or a likelihood of 74% using the Iridium network, under predicted nominaloperational conditions in orbit. Future networks currently under developmentcould improve these figures to reach greater than 98% coverage with a onesecond latency.

Near real-time telecommand solutions for CubeSats: State of the art and applications to the SkyHopper mission