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Voltage current characteristics of a PN-junction diode are intrinsicallynonlinear in nature. It is shown in this paper that a mathematical form ofnonlinearity of a PN-junction diode resembles the nonlinear response ofelectric polarization of a dielectric medium to the electric field.Nonlinearity of a PN-junction can be expressed in a series of successivelyincreasing orders of the nonlinearity. For a PN-junction diode, higher ordernonlinear terms become significant as a voltage across the diode is increased.In this paper, a gradual emergence of a nonlinear regime with the amplitude ofa sinusoidal voltage is presented. Higher order harmonics are produced byutilizing the nonlinearity of a single PN-junction diode. An experimentalrealization of a frequency comb with the highest frequency up to the twentiethharmonics is also presented. In addition, in the same circuit by making thenonlinearity significant up to the second order, an experiment on generation ofthe sum and difference of frequencies is realized.

Intrinsic nonlinearity of a PN-junction diode and higher order harmonic generation