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We introduce and investigate the opportunities of multi-antenna communicationschemes whose training and feedback stages are interleaved and mutuallyinteracting. Specifically, unlike the traditional schemes where the transmitterfirst trains all of its antennas at once and then receives a single feedbackmessage, we consider a scenario where the transmitter instead trains itsantennas one by one and receives feedback information immediately aftertraining each one of its antennas. The feedback message may ask the transmitterto train another antenna; or, it may terminate the feedback/training phase andprovide the quantized codeword (e.g., a beamforming vector) to be utilized fordata transmission. As a specific application, we consider a multiple-inputsingle-output system with $t$ transmit antennas, a short-term power constraint$P$, and target data rate $\rho$. We show that for any $t$, the same outageprobability as a system with perfect transmitter and receiver channel stateinformation can be achieved with a feedback rate of $R_1$ bits per channelstate and via training $R_2$ transmit antennas on average, where $R_1$ and$R_2$ are independent of $t$, and depend only on $\rho$ and $P$. In addition,we design variable-rate quantizers for channel coefficients to further minimizethe feedback rate of our scheme.

Interleaving Channel Estimation and Limited Feedback for Point-to-Point Systems with a Large Number of Transmit Antennas