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Optic flow is two dimensional, but no special qualities are attached to oneor other of these dimensions. For binocular disparity, on the other hand, theterms 'horizontal' and 'vertical' disparities are commonly used. This is odd,since binocular disparity and optic flow describe essentially the same thing.The difference is that, generally, people tend to fixate relatively close tothe direction of heading as they move, meaning that fixation is close to theoptic flow epipole, whereas, for binocular vision, fixation is close to thehead-centric midline, i.e. approximately 90 degrees from the binocular epipole.For fixating animals, some separations of flow may lead to simple algorithmsfor the judgement of surface structure and the control of action. We considerthe following canonical flow patterns that sum to produce overall flow: (i)'towards' flow, the component of translational flow produced by approaching (orretreating from) the fixated object, which produces pure radial flow on theretina; (ii) 'sideways' flow, the remaining component of translational flow,which is produced by translation of the optic centre orthogonal to thecyclopean line of sight and (iii) 'vergence' flow, rotational flow produced bya counter-rotation of the eye in order to maintain fixation. A general flowpattern could also include (iv) 'cyclovergence' flow, produced by rotation ofone eye relative to the other about the line of sight. We consider somepractical advantages of dividing up flow in this way when an observer fixatesas they move. As in some previous treatments, we suggest that there are certaintasks for which it is sensible to consider 'towards' flow as one component and'sideways' + 'vergence' flow as another.

A single coordinate framework for optic flow and binocular disparity