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There are known gender imbalances in participation in scientific fields, fromfemale dominance of nursing to male dominance of mathematics. It is not clearwhether there is also a citation imbalance, with some claiming thatmale-authored research tends to be more cited. No previous study has assessedgender differences in the readers of academic research on a large scale,however. In response, this article assesses whether there are genderdifferences in the average citations and/or Mendeley readers of academicpublications. Field normalised logged Scopus citations and Mendeley readersfrom mid-2018 for articles published in 2014 were investigated for articleswith first authors from India, Spain, Turkey, the UK and the USA in up to 251fields with at least 50 male and female authors. Although female-authoredresearch is less cited in Turkey (-4.0%) and India (-3.6%), it is marginallymore cited in Spain (0.4%), the UK (0.4%), and the USA (0.2%). Female-authoredresearch has fewer Mendeley readers in India (-1.1%) but more in Spain (1.4%),Turkey (1.1%), the UK (2.7%) and the USA (3.0%). Thus, whilst there may belittle practical gender difference in citation impact in countries with maturescience systems, the higher female readership impact suggests a wider audiencefor female-authored research. The results show that the conclusions from agender analysis depend on the field normalisation method. A theoreticallyinformed decision must therefore be made about which normalisation to use. Theresults also suggest that arithmetic mean-based field normalisation isfavourable to males.

Do females create higher impact research? Scopus citations and Mendeley readers for articles from five countries