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New computational devices, in particular wearable devices, offer the uniqueproperty of always being available and thus to be able to constantly update theuser with information, such as by notifications. While research has been donein sophisticated notifications, devices today mainly stick to a binary level ofinformation, while they are either attention drawing or silent. In this paper,we want to go further and propose scalable notifications, which adjust theintensity reaching from subtle to obtrusive and even going beyond that level,while forcing the user to take action. To illustrate the technical feasibilityand validity of this concept, we developed three prototypes providingmechano-pressure, thermal, and electrical feedback and evaluated them indifferent lab studies. Our first prototype provides subtle poking through tohigh and frequent pressure on the user's spine, which creates a significantlyimproved back posture. In a second scenario, the users are enabled to perceivethe overuse of a drill by an increased temperature on the palm of a hand untilthe heat is intolerable and the users are forced to eventually put down thetool. The last project comprises a speed control in a driving simulation, whileelectric muscle stimulation on the users' legs conveys information on changingthe car's speed by a perceived tingling until the system independently forcesthe foot to move. Although our selected scenarios are long way from beingrealistic, we see these lab studies as a means to validate ourproof-of-concept. In conclusion, all studies' findings support the feasibilityof our concept of a scalable notification system, including the system offorced intervention. While we envisage the implementation of ourproof-of-concept into future wearables, more realistic application scenariosare worthy of exploration.

Scaling notifications beyond alerts: from subtly drawing attention up to forcing the user to take action