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In a heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) consisting of multiple differenttypes (tiers) of base stations (BSs), the void cell event in which a BS doesnot have any users has been shown to exist due to user-centric BS associationand its probability is dominated by the cell load of each tier. Such a voidcell phenomenon has not been well characterized in the modeling and analyticalframework of simultaneous wireless information and power transmission (SWIPT)in a HetNet. This paper aims to accurately exploit the fundamental performancelimits of the SWIPT between a BS and its user by modeling the cell-load impacton the downlink and uplink transmissions of each BS. We first characterize thepower-splitting receiver architecture at a user and analyze the statisticalproperties and limits of its harvested power and energy, which reveals how muchof the average energy can be harvested by users and how likely the self-poweredsustainability of users can be achieved. We then derive the downlink and uplinkrates that characterize the cell-load and user association effects and use themto define the energy efficiency of a user. The optimality of the energyefficiency is investigated, which maximizes the SWIPT performance of thereceiver architecture for different user association and network deploymentscenarios.

Fundamentals of Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transmission in Heterogeneous Networks: A Cell Load Perspective