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Vehicle sharing system consists of a fleet of vehicles (usually bikes orcars) that can be rented at one station and returned at another station. Westudy how to achieve guaranteed service availability in such systems.Specifically, we are interested in determining a) the fleet size and initialallocation of vehicles to stations and b) the minimum capacity of each stationneeded to guarantee that a) every customer will find an available vehicle atthe origin station and b) the customer will find a free parking spot at thedestination station. We model the evolution of number of vehicles at eachstation as a stochastic process and prove that the relevant probabilities inthe system can be approximated from above using a computationally-tractabledecoupled model. This property can be exploited to efficiently determine thesize of fleet, initial distribution of vehicles to stations, and stationcapacities that are sufficient to achieve the desired service level. Theapplicability of the method is demonstrated by computing the initial vehiclestock and the capacity of each station that would be needed to avoid servicefailures in Boston's bike sharing system "The Hubway". Our simulation showsthat the proposed method is able to find more efficient design parameters thanthe naive approach and consequently it can achieve the equivalentquality-of-service level with half of the vehicle fleet and half of the parkingcapacity.

Fleet Sizing in Vehicle Sharing Systems with Service Quality Guarantees