English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

In metropolitan areas populated with commercial buildings, electric powersupply is stringent especially during business hours. Demand side managementusing battery is a promising solution to mitigate peak demands, however longpayback time creates barriers for large scale adoption. In this paper, we havedeveloped a design phase battery life-cycle cost assessment tool and a runtimecontroller for the building owners, taking into account the degradation ofbattery. In the design phase, perfect knowledge on building load profile isassumed to estimate ideal payback time. In runtime, stochastic programming andload predictions are applied to address the uncertainties in loads forproducing optimal battery operation. For validation, we have performednumerical experiments using the real-life tariff model serves New York City,Zn/MnO2 battery, and state-of-the-art building simulation tool. Experimentalresults shows a small gap between design phase assessment and runtime control.To further examine the proposed methods, we have applied the same tariff modeland performed numerical experiments on nine weather zones and three types ofcommercial buildings. On contrary to the common practice of shallow dischargingbattery for preventing phenomenal degradation, experimental results showpromising payback time achieved by optimally deep discharge a battery.

Battery Life-Cycle Optimization and Runtime Control for Commercial Buildings Demand Side Management: A New York City Case Study