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The dynamic performance of the generators is a critical factor for the safeoperation of the power grid. To this extent, the stability of the frequency ofgenerators is the target of cyber attacks since its instability may lead tosizable cascade failures in the whole network. In this paper, we perform thevulnerability analysis in a developed power grid Hardware-In-The-Loop (HITL)testbed with a Wago 750-881 PLC sending control commands to the generators anda 750 Feeder Management Relay connected to a local load. A process-awarecoordinated attack is demonstrated by spoofing control commands sent by the PLCand the relay to the simulated power system which is modeled as asingle-machine infinite-bus (SMIB). Based on the reachability analysis, theattacker can find the optimal attack signal to drive the system state out oftheir safe set of values. Thereafter, it is experimentally demonstrated thatthe attacker does not need to send attack signal continuously if he implementsa carefully designed coordinated attack on the PLC and the relay. The presentedassessments provide information about the best time to launch an attack inorder to destabilize the power system.

Hardware-In-The-Loop Vulnerability Analysis of a Single-Machine Infinite-Bus Power System