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Purpose: subject motion and static field (B$_0$) drift are known to reducethe quality of single voxel MR spectroscopy data due to incoherent averaging.Retrospective correction has previously been shown to improve data quality byadjusting the phase and frequency offset of each average to match a referencespectrum. In this work, a new method (RATS) is developed to be tolerant tolarge frequency shifts (greater than 7Hz) and baseline instability resultingfrom inconsistent water suppression. Methods: in contrast to previousapproaches, the variable-projection method and baseline fitting is incorporatedinto the correction procedure to improve robustness to fluctuating baselinesignals and optimization instability. RATS is compared to an alternativemethod, based on time-domain spectral registration (TDSR), using simulated datato model frequency, phase and baseline instability. In addition, a J-differenceedited glutathione in-vivo dataset is processed using both approaches andcompared. Results: RATS offers improved accuracy and stability for largefrequency shifts and unstable baselines. Reduced subtraction artifacts aredemonstrated for glutathione edited MRS when using RATS, compared withuncorrected or TDSR corrected spectra. Conclusion: the RATS algorithm has beenshown to provide accurate retrospective correction of SVS MRS data in thepresence of large frequency shifts and baseline instability. The method israpid, generic and therefore readily incorporated into MRS processing pipelinesto improve lineshape, SNR and aid quality assessment.

Robust Retrospective Frequency and Phase Correction for Single-voxel MR Spectroscopy