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Tetraphenyl-butadiene (TPB) is an organic fluorescent chemical compoundgenerally used as wavelength shifter thanks to its extremely high efficiency toconvert ultra-violet photons into visible light. A common method to use TPBwith detectors sensitive to visible light, such as photomultiplier tubes(PMTs), is to deposit thin layers on the device window. To obtain effective TPBlayers, different procedures can be used. In this work a specific evaporationtechnique adopted to coat 8 in. convex windows photomultiplier tubes ispresented. It consists in evaporating TPB by means of a Knudsen cell, whichallows to strictly control the process, and in a rotating sample support, whichguarantees the uniformity of the deposition. Simulation results andexperimental tests demonstrate the effectiveness of this evaporation techniquefrom the point of view of deposition uniformity and light conversionefficiency.

An innovative technique for TPB deposition on convex window photomultiplier tubes