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Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Supply Chain monitoring applications rely onmessaging protocols for exchanging data. Contemporary IoT deployments widelyuse the publish-subscribe messaging model because of its resource-efficiency.However, the systems with publish-subscribe messaging model employ acentralized architecture, wherein the data from all the devices in theapplication network flows via a central broker to the subscribers. Such acentralized architecture make publish-subscribe messaging model susceptible toa central point of failure. Besides, it provides an opportunity for theorganization that owns the broker to tamper with the data. In this work, wecontribute Trinity, a novel distributed publish-subscribe broker withblockchain-based immutability. Trinity distributes the data published to one ofthe brokers in the network to all the brokers in the network. The distributeddata is stored in an immutable ledger through the use of the blockchaintechnology. Furthermore, Trinity executes smart contracts to validate the databefore saving the data on the blockchain. Through the use of a blockchainnetwork, Trinity can guarantee persistence, ordering, and immutability acrosstrust boundaries. Our evaluation results show that Trinity consumes minimalresources, and the use of smart contracts enable the stakeholders to automatethe data management processes. To the best of our knowledge, Trinity is thefirst framework that combines the components of the blockchain technology withthe publish-subscribe messaging model.

Trinity: A Distributed Publish/Subscribe Broker with Blockchain-based Immutability