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X-ray standing-wave photoemission experiments involving multilayered samplesare emerging as unique probes of the buried interfaces that are ubiquitous incurrent device and materials research. Such data require for their analysis astructure optimization process comparing experiment to theory that is notstraightforward. In this work, we present a new computer program for optimizingthe analysis of standing-wave data, called SWOPT, that automates thistrial-and-error optimization process. The program includes an algorithm thathas been developed for computationally expensive problems: so-called black-boxsimulation optimizations. It also includes a more efficient version of the YangX-ray Optics Program (YXRO) [Yang, S.-H., Gray, A.X., Kaiser, A.M., Mun, B.S.,Sell, B.C., Kortright, J.B., Fadley, C.S., J. Appl. Phys. 113, 1 (2013)] whichis about an order of magnitude faster than the original version. Humaninteraction is not required during optimization. We tested our optimizationalgorithm on real and hypothetical problems and show that it finds bettersolutions significantly faster than a random search approach. The totaloptimization time ranges, depending on the sample structure, from minutes to afew hours on a modern laptop computer, and can be up to 100x faster than acorresponding manual optimization. These speeds make the SWOPT program avaluable tool for realtime analyses of data during synchrotron experiments.

An Efficient Algorithm for Automatic Structure Optimization in X-ray Standing-Wave Experiments