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Enhancement of thermal performance of concrete wall is nowadays of greatimportance in reducing the operational energy demand of buildings. We developeda new kind of inorganic coating material based on \ce{SiO2}-\ce{Al2O3}-richminerals and Portland cement (PC) powder. The finely pulverized mineral powderwith the particle size distribution (PSD) of 0.4-40 $\mu$m was mixed with thevehicle solvent containing some agents, cement powder with PSD of 2-100 $\mu$m,and water in the certain weight ratio, producing the colloid solution. Afterapplication within 2 hours to the plaster layer of concrete wall and sufficientlong hardening period of over three months, the coating layer of 0.6-1.0 mmthickness was observed to become a densified ceramic. Powder X-ray diffraction(XRD) experiments were performed to identify the crystalline components ofminerals, cement and ceramic coating powders. Three- and two-dimensionalsurface morphologies and chemical compositions of coating material wereobtained with the optical interferometer and scanning electron microscope (SEM)equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX). These XRD and SEM/EDXanalyses demonstrated obviously that the coating layer is mainly composed ofthe calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) and the calcium-aluminate-hydrate (C-A-H)ceramics with the relatively small number of closed pores (10\% porosity)compared with the cement mortar and concrete layers. Two-step hydrations ofcement and subsequently \ce{SiO2}-\ce{Al2O3} promoted by the alkali product\ce{Ca(OH)2} were proposed as the main mechanism of ceramic formation.

Formation and characterization of ceramic coating from alumino silicate mineral powders in the matrix of cement composite on the concrete wall