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We consider the problem of distributed secondary frequency regulation inpower networks such that stability and an optimal power allocation areattained. This is a problem that has been widely studied in the literature, andtwo main control schemes have been proposed, usually referred to as'primal-dual' and 'distributed averaging proportional-integral (DAPI)'respectively. However, each has its limitations, with the former requiringknowledge of uncontrollable demand, which can be difficult to obtain in realtime, and with the existing literature on the latter being based on staticmodels for generation and demand. We propose a novel control scheme thatovercomes these issues by making use of generation measurements in the controlpolicy. In particular, our analysis allows distributed stability and optimalityguarantees to be deduced with practical measurement requirements and permits abroad range of linear generation dynamics, that can be of higher order, to beincorporated in the power network. We show how the controller parameters can beselected in a computationally efficient way by solving appropriate linearmatrix inequalities (LMIs). Furthermore, we demonstrate how the proposedanalysis applies to several examples of turbine governor models. Thepracticality of our analysis is demonstrated with simulations on the NortheastPower Coordinating Council (NPCC) 140-bus system that verify that our proposedcontroller achieves convergence to the nominal frequency and an economicallyoptimal power allocation.

A distributed scheme for secondary frequency control with stability guarantees and optimal power allocation