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Yttria stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) pellets with different crystallite sizeswere irradiated with 80 MeV Ag$^{6+}$ ions at room temperature and 1000 K tounderstand the role of crystallite size/material microstructure and irradiationtemperature on the radiation tolerance against high electronic energy loss(S$_e$). X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements reveal that,irrespective of the irradiation temperature, the nano-crystalline samplessuffered more damage as compared to the bulk-like sample. A reduction in theirradiation damage i.e. improvement in the radiation tolerance, was observedfor all the samples irradiated at 1000 K. The reduction in the damage, however,was remarkably higher for the two nano-crystalline samples compared to thebulk-like sample, and hence the difference in the damage between the bulk-likeand nano-crystalline samples was also significantly lower at 1000 K than thatat room temperature. The irradiation damage, against S$_e$, was thus found tobe critically dependent on the interplay between the irradiation temperatureand crystallite size. These results are explained with the help of detailedtheoretical calculations/simulations based on the 'in-elastic thermal spike'model by taking into consideration the combined effect of crystallite size andenvironmental (irradiation) temperature on the electron-phonon coupling factorand lattice thermal conductivity (and hence on the resulting thermal spike).Our results are crucial from the fundamental perspective of comprehending thesize and temperature dependent radiation damage against S$_e$ ; and also for anumber of applications, in various radiation environments, where nano-materialsare being envisioned for use.

Enhanced radiation tolerance of YSZ at high temperature against swift  heavy ions: key role of interplay between material microstructure and  irradiation temperature