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It is now clear that a binary evolutionary pathway is responsible for asignificant fraction of all planetary nebulae, with some authors even going sofar as to claim that binarity may be a near requirement for the formation of anobservable nebula. In this chapter, we will discuss the theoretical andobservational support for the importance of binarity in the formation ofplanetary nebulae, initially focussing on common envelope evolution but alsocovering wider binaries. Furthermore, we will highlight the impact that theseresults have on our understanding of other astrophysical phenomena, includingsupernovae type Ia, chemically peculiar stars and circumbinary exoplanets.Finally, we will present the latest results with regards to the relationshipbetween post-common-envelope central stars and the abundance discrepancyproblem in planetary nebulae, and what further clues this may hold inforwarding our understanding of the common envelope phase itself.

The importance of binarity in the formation and evolution of planetary nebulae