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Cybersecurity risks are often managed by reducing the system's attacksurface, which includes minimizing the number of interconnections, privileges,and impacts of an attack. While attack surface reduction techniques have beenfrequently deployed in more traditional information technology (IT) domains,metrics tailored to cyber-physical systems (CPS) have not yet been identified.This paper introduces attack surface analysis metrics and algorithms toevaluate the attack surface of a CPS. The proposed approach includes bothphysical system impact metrics, along with a variety of cyber system propertiesfrom the software (network connections, methods) and operating system(privileges, exploit mitigations). The proposed algorithm is defined toincorporate with the Architecture Analysis \& Design Language (AADL), which iscommonly used to many CPS industries to model their control systemarchitecture, and tools have been developed to automate this analysis on anAADL model. Furthermore, the proposed approach is evaluated on a distributionpower grid case study, which includes a 7 feeder distribution system, AADLmodel of the SCADA control centers, and analysis of the OpenDNP3 protocollibrary used in many real-world SCADA systems.

Attack Surface Metrics and Privilege-based Reduction Strategies for Cyber-Physical Systems