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Value-added Services (VASs) (e.g. dynamic site acceleration, mediamanagement) play a critical role in Content Delivery Networks (CDNs). NetworkFunctions Virtualization (NFV) enables the agile provisioning of VASs. In NFVsettings, VASs are provisioned as ordered sets of Virtual Network Functions(VNFs), forming VNF-Forwarding Graphs (VNF-FG) which are deployed in the CDNinfrastructure. The CDN VAS VNF-FGs have a specific characteristic: they haveone end-point (corresponding to the content server) that is unknown, prior totheir placement. The proposals for CDN VAS VNF-FG placement, so far, have onlyconsidered offline placement, where the VNF-FGs are placed before end-usertraffic steers into the network. However, in concrete cases, a change inservice usage patterns might occur, a situation that could require a VNF-FGplacement in an online manner. This paper tackles the problem of online VNF-FGplacement for VASs in CDNs, taking into account the eventual reuses andmigrations of already-deployed VNFs. A cost model is considered, includingmultiple costs; i.e. new VNF instantiations, migration, hosting and routingcosts. The objective is to optimally place the VNF-FGs such that totalreconfiguration costs are minimized while QoS is satisfied. An Integer LinearProgramming (ILP) formulation is provided and evaluated in a small-scalescenario.

Online VNF Placement and Chaining for Value-added Services in Content Delivery Networks