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Grid cells in the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) respond when an animaloccupies a periodic lattice of "grid fields" in the environment. The grids areorganized in modules with spatial periods, or scales, clustered around discretevalues separated by ratios in the range 1.2--2.0. We propose a mechanism thatproduces this modular structure through dynamical self-organization in the MEC.In attractor network models of grid formation, the grid scale of a singlemodule is set by the distance of recurrent inhibition between neurons. We showthat the MEC forms a hierarchy of discrete modules if a smooth increase ininhibition distance along its dorso-ventral axis is accompanied by excitatoryinteractions along this axis. Moreover, constant scale ratios betweensuccessive modules arise through geometric relationships between triangulargrids and have values that fall within the observed range. We discuss howinteractions required by our model might be tested experimentally.

A geometric attractor mechanism for self-organization of entorhinal grid modules