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Improving the secret key rate is one of the vital issues in practicalapplications of quantum key distribution (QKD). In this paper, we propose anexperimental scheme of high-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantumkey distribution (MDI-QKD) based on spatial basis aiming to increase the keyrate. Two groups of discrete position basis and momentum basis are applied asconjugate spaces to generate quantum secret key. The position states aretransmitted by single-mode fibers and represented by the index of the fiber,while the momentum state is a coherent superposition of the position statescharacterized by the phase gradient. The measurement of each momentum basis isrealized by multi-slit diffraction. This experimental proposal can beimplemented with standard optical elements. In addition to an enhanced key ratein a higher dimension, this high-dimensional MDI-QKD exhibits a comparablesecurity level/performance compared to conventional polarization-based MDI-QKD.

High-dimensional measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution based on spatial basis