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Pleural effusion manifested as compression of pleural fluid on the lungparenchyma, contributing to hypoxemia. Medical procedure such as drainage ofplural fluid releases this compression and increase the oxygenation. However,the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity of lung parenchyma is unknown.By using the lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE) and finiteelement method (FEM), the effect of pleural effusion on the elasticity ofsuperficial lung parenchyma in terms of surface wave speed measurement wasevaluated in a sponge phantom study. Different thickness of ultrasoundtransmission gel simulated as pleural fluid was inserted into a condom whichwas placed between the sponge and standoff pad. A mechanical shaker was used togenerate vibration on the sponge phantom at different frequencies ranging from100 to 300 Hz while ultrasound transducer was used to capture the motion formeasurement of surface wave speed of the sponge. FEM was conducted based on theexperimental setup and numerically assess the influence of pleural effusion onthe surface wave speed of the sponge. We found the influence of thickness ofultrasound transmission gel was statistically insignificant on the surface wavespeed of the sponge at 100 and 150 Hz both from experiments the FEM.

Will pleural fluid affect surface wave speed measurements of the lung  using lung ultrasound surface wave elastography: experimental and numerical  studies on sponge phantom?